General Principles of Water Treatment

Applications

• Potable water preparation plants for municipalities, waterworks companies – refurbishment, intensification
• Preparation of very clean water – e.g., electrical industry, pharmaceutical and food-processing industry, feed water for boilers
• Groundwater processing plants – in places where connection to the public distribution network is not possible
• Rinsing water – glassworks, automotive industry, electrical industry, plastic production
• Cooling water

Application of methods

In the process a wide range of physical-chemical methods can be used, e.g.:

• Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation – elimination of turbidity and colloid substances
• Filtration – mechanical filters to remove rough particles, sand filters
• Membrane processes – ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, reverse osmosis
• Ion exchanger technologies – softening, removal of NO3 –, dealkalization, production of demineralised water
• Adsorption – arsenic removal, active carbon to remove foul odours and tastes
• Degasification – reduction of oxygen, CO2, and radon (mostly groundwater) content
• Oxidation, reduction – Fe removal, chlorination to reduce microbial propagation.